Snow on Mt Wellington, Hobart Tasmania, on Christmas Day is not an unusual sight.

Title: Hobart under snow, two ladies walking
Description: 1 photographic print
Format: Photograph
ADRI: AB713-1-685
Source: Archives Office of Tasmania

HOBART’s CLIMATE
Source: Wikipedia

Climate
Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). The highest temperature recorded was 40.8°C on 4 January 1976 and the lowest was −2.8°C on 25 June 1972. Compared to other major Australia cities, Hobart has the second fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with 5.9 hours per day. (Melbourne has the fewest) [6] Although Hobart rarely receives snow during the winter, the adjacent Mount Wellington is often seen with a snowcap. Unseasonal mountain snow covering has been known to occur during the other seasons. During the 20th century, Hobart did receive many snowfalls at sea level because of cold air masses arriving from Antarctica. These snow-bearing winds often carried on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in southern New South Wales and northern Victoria. Though snow is unusual in general at sea level in Australia, Hobart has had the most sea level snowfalls out of any Australian capital city, although Canberra, Sydney,Melbourne, and Adelaide have sometimes recorded some snow.

SIGNIFICANT WEATHER – November 2006

Tasmania
The coldest November day in Hobart in 18 years occurred on the 16th, with snow and hail to near sea level state wide. Hobart recorded a maximum daily temperature of 10.6°C, the coldest November day since 1988.

Source: AG Bureau of Meteorology

“Built among the public houses, brothels, factories and tiny workers’ cottages of Wapping, the theatre opened in 1837.”

More about the 175 years celebrations at ABC Local :
Slideshow and voice recording of Larry Olivier 1948

Source: Nexo fit out for new audio system by The Sound Company (TSC).

1830s

The Mercury, 8th December 1837

TRANSCRIPT

Mr. Meredith of the Theatre Royal, stood charged with having committed an assault on Mr. Kew a young gentleman at the Shades on Friday Evening last. It ap- peared that the fracas had originated in some misunderstanding connected with the Theatre. In the course of the evidence a fact was elicited which caused great mer- riment. All the parties charged each other with having sacrificed too liberally to the jolly God, and amongst the persons present on that evening was a jovial undertaker, well known in this town on account of his eccentric habits. Mr. Hill a colonial cap- tain, actually went away to hire a hearse thereupon to carry home the undertaker.

Mr. Meredith made an able defence, and was only fined 10s. with costs.

With us it is a question of doubt whether it is for the interest of the Theatre that a license is granted for selling spirituous liquors, &c. on the premises.

Caption: The Shades Tavern, which operated until late 1840, underneath the auditorium at the Theatre Royal. (Paul McIntyre)

More history and photographs at the Theatre Royal’s homepage

The Theatre Royal Playbills and Posters

The State Library of Tasmania holds a large collection – see their holdings here.

1870s

Title: Aurora Floyd
Author: Theatre Royal (Hobart, Tas.)
Publisher: [Hobart] : [The Mercury?], [1870]
Description: 1 print (poster): Green text on cream background ; 42 x 30 cm.
Format: [picture] Poster
ADRI: AUTAS001126074848
Source: Tasmaniana Library
Notes: “the great sensation drama found on Miss Braddon’s world-renowned novel, Aurora Floyd.”
Sole lessee and manager, Mr. F. B. Watson.
Silk playbill listing: “the great sensation drama founded on Miss Braddon’s world renowned novel, Aurora Floyd, after which, the grand ballet interlude, Le Pas des Fees … and Corps de Ballet“.
Cast of Aurora Floyd includes: Miss Ada Hart, Mr. S. Parker, Mr. H. Edwards, Mr. George Bromley, Mr. E. A. Reeves, Mr. W. A. James, Mr. C. Sefton, Mr. George Bromley, Mr. Walter Airey, Miss Fanny Hart. Also Mons. G. Massartic and Miss Sally Lloyd in Le Pas des Fees.

1900s

UPDATE:18th November 2009

The Oceanic Viking farewells the last of the asylum seekers ..

Caption: The Indonesian government expects Australia to keep its resettlement promise.
(Reuters: Vivek Prakash)

Australia expected to resettle asylum seekers

By Geoff Thompson for AM and staff

Photo and article source:ABC News online

After four weeks off the coast of Indonesia, the Customs ship Oceanic Viking last night weighed anchor and began the journey back to Australian waters.

A few hours earlier, the last of 78 Sri Lankan asylum seekers entered a detention centre in Tanjung Pinang, ending an impasse that has kept the Federal Government on the defensive.

Next is the debate over whether the 10 women and children in the group are also in detention, or outside it, as Kevin Rudd says they are.

Read the rest of the article and listen to the news item here ….

First post on 31st October 2009

FV Taruman in foreground below being escorted by Oceanic Viking Sep 2005 AFMA

Caption: This is the Oceanic Viking arresting illegal Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishermen and excorting the ship back to Hobart.

Australian Government
Australian Customs and Border Protection Services
[pdf] Information about the Oceanic Viking

The Australian Government takes the protection of its sovereign territories and assets very seriously. Illegal, unreported and
unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Southern Ocean presents a
threat to Australia’s Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI)
and Macquarie Island exclusive economic zones (EEZ), its
valuable Patagonian toothfish fishery and the fragile Southern
Ocean environment.

The remoteness of the HIMI and hostile Southern Ocean sub-
Antarctic waters makes the detection and apprehension of
vessels carrying out IUU fishing even more challenging.
Illegal activity in the Southern Ocean is being fuelled by rising
fish prices, over fishing elsewhere in the world and excess fishing
capacity in northern hemisphere fishing fleets. There is concern
that, if left unchecked, such fishing could eventually lead to the commercial extinction of stocks of the Patagonian toothfish.
In response to this, the Australian Government, through the
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, the Australian
Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) and the Australian
Defence Force, has provided surveillance and apprehension of
vessels operating illegally in this remote region. This has included
on-the-water cooperation with other countries with similar Southern Ocean interests, in particular France who share an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries with Australia.
The Southern Ocean Maritime Patrol and Response (SOMPR)
program provides a dedicated vessel, Oceanic Viking, which
is able to conduct year-round patrols in sub-Antarctic weather
conditions.

About the Oceanic Viking
Oceanic Viking is the Australian Customs and Border Protection
Service and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority
(fisheries) Southern Ocean patrol vessel.
The vessel is contracted from P&O to conduct year-round patrols
as part of the Southern Ocean patrol program.
The Oceanic Viking undertakes a minimum of 200 days in the
Southern Ocean per year and can conduct up to 300
days per year.

These patrols are part of Australia’s commitment to intercepting
vessels and apprehending people suspected of illegally fishing
in the ecologically fragile sub-Antarctic waters.
When not operating in the Southern Ocean, Oceanic Viking is
available to patrol Australia’s coastline.

Specifications
Length: 105 metres
Beam: 22 metres
Gross tonnage: 9075
Range: 15,900 nautical miles at 16 knots with 10 per
cent reserve
33,800 nautical miles at 12 knots with 10 per cent reserve
Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats (RHIBS)
Two 9.2 metre Norsafe SOLAS approved
RHIBS powered by
twin 233hp diesel jet propulsion in 6 tonne davits, with a
range of approximately 60 nautical miles at 20 knots.

Accommodation
The vessel is licensed to carry 75 people.
Without a steaming party on board, there are 19 P&O crew and
56 people from Customs and Border Protection & other agencies.
With a steaming party on board, there are 25 P&O crew and 50
people from Customs and Border Protection & other agencies.

Equipment and facilities
• an emergency care and
resuscitation room staffed by an
Australian Antarctic Division doctor
• facilities to accommodate illegal foreign fishers
• operations room equipped
with secure communications
• a Forward Looking Infra-Red camera
• a TerraScan system used to predict weather conditions
• other classified systems.

February 2009
Weapons and Personal Defence Equipment (PDE)
• two .50 calibre machine guns deck mounted
• Glock pistols for Customs and Border Protection Boarding
Party officers
• other PDE equipment is also on board.

Customs and Border Protection Marine and Aviation
Unit personnel
The Customs and Border Protection Marine and Avaiation
Unit within the Maritime Operations Support Branch in Customs and
Border Protection provides personnel and logistic support to civil
vessels chartered by Customs and Border Protection to combat
illegal foreign fishing in Australia’s northern and southern waters.
All armed Customs and Border Protection Marine and Avaiation Unit boarding party personnel are required to satisfy and maintain mandatory security, medical, dental, fitness and psychometric standards as part of their conditions of employment.

Customs and Border Protection Marine and Avaiation Unit
personnel are trained in use of force, ship search and undertake
armed boardings at sea. Some staff also have specialised
hospital theatre assistant training. Officers performing the
role of tender coxswains must have the appropriate
marine qualifications.
Officers operating in the region undergo
extensive training in:
• cold climate survival and safety at sea
• use of force, including side-arms and deck-mounted
weapons
• vessel familiarisation
• medical training
• operational command
• Australian Customs and Border Protection Service and
Fisheries legislative provisions
• tactical boarding operations
• ship search techniques.

Southern Ocean Maritime Patrol and Response
Program Outputs
To detect, deter and apprehend illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing vessels in Australia’s EEZ. This includes:
• operating a marine vessel with deck-mounted weapons in the
Southern Ocean EEZ
• undertaking marine patrols for a minimum of 200 days in the
Southern Ocean.

Delivery of other services in the Southern Ocean and Northern
waters as directed by Government.
These services include:
• j oint operations with France
• medical evacuations
• environmental checks of the HIMI for the Australian
Antarctic Division
• buoy deployment for the Bureau of Meteorology
• ad hoc engagements for the Australian Government.

Southern Ocean Maritime Patrol and Response
Program Outcomes
The desired outcomes of the SOMPR program are the protection
of:
• Patagonian toothfish fisheries around the HIMI EEZ from IUU
fishing
• Australia’s Southern Ocean waters
• the fragile Southern
Ocean environment
• the Northern Australian coast line
• other Government responses such as environmental and
security requirements.
Southern Ocean conditions
Missions to the region are challenging. Severe
weather conditions can include Force 12 gales and seas of more than 10
metres.
Average temperatures are minus two.

More information
For information on any Customs and Border Protection matters, contact Customs and Border Protection Information and Support Centre on 1300 363 263 or email information@customs.gov.au or browse the website http://www.customs.gov.au/

TV Snapshot ABC TV 1

Indonesia rules out forcing asylum seekers off Oceanic Viking

Source: ABC Radio National PM program

Listen to MP3 of this story ( minutes)
Alternate WMA version MP3 download

The Director of Diplomatic Security with the Indonesian Foreign Affairs Department says Indonesia won’t allow the forcible removal of asylum seekers from the Oceanic Viking while it’s in Indonesian waters. And Dr Sujatmiko says even if they’re forced off the ship outside Indonesian waters, they wouldn’t be welcome on an Indonesian ship.

MARK COLVIN: Indonesia has ruled out the forcible removal of asylum seekers from the Oceanic Viking while it’s in Indonesian waters.And the director of diplomatic security with the Indonesian Foreign Affairs Department says that even if the asylum seekers were removed from the ship outside Indonesian waters, they wouldn’t be welcomed on an Indonesian ship. Dr Sujatmiko said the asylum seekers would be resupplied with food and water, supplies which are expected to run out by Sunday.Dr Sujatmiko spoke with Indonesian correspondent Geoff Thompson.

DR SUJATMIKO: I went there only once yesterday and I believe that they’re living in good conditions. The ship is, I think for me, it is luxurious ship, hospital also there, doctors are there, food enough and I thought they enjoy living there, so that’s why they rejected to go to the land.

GEOFF THOMPSON: And there have been some messages they’ve thrown from the ship saying that they might self harm or commit suicide, hurt themselves if they were… if an attempt was made to remove them from the ship. Have you had any indication of that sort of thing?

DR SUJATMIKO: Well, we have not been thinking of forcing them to go to the land, because it should be voluntarily disembarking from the ship.

GEOFF THOMPSON: But if they’re receiving adequate food and water, they could stay on the ship indefinitely couldn’t they?
DR SUJATMIKO: I… that’s not… I think you better ask the master of the ship. I believe so.

GEOFF THOMPSON: Is Indonesia prepared to allow the Oceanic Viking to stay off its coast with these people on board indefinitely?

DR SUJATMIKO: We are not discussing this issue but at least we are trying the first time we are giving permission for the ships to enter Indonesian water, based on humanitarian grounds. I think this is very important one. And secondly I think what we need to send the message is that we are the country which it is not easy for any people to come inside the country, because there’s an international syndicate playing around for this game.

GEOFF THOMPSON: So that would mean the people who are on the ship you don’t want them forcibly removed and for now it’s really a waiting game just hoping that they will agree to leave voluntarily?

DR SUJATMIKO: We are not thinking of that. I mean if really they are going to force the people it’s up to Australian authorities, as long as they are not doing it in Indonesian waters.

GEOFF THOMPSON: Okay so they will not be forced from the ship in Indonesian waters, so if Australia wants to remove them from the ship it must be done outside Indonesian waters.

DR SUJATMIKO: At least what I’m thinking as long as they are in Indonesian waters they should follow our rules and regulations. As I said yesterday if they are going to disembark there is some process that we need to follow.First the medical check-up, they reject it, secondly we need to have immigration interview, they also reject it, and they said that they are committed to continue going to Australia and they’re not ready to go to Indonesia.

GEOFF THOMPSON: What if the Australian Government wanted to bring in some military personnel for instance to assist in making the people leave the ship, would Indonesia agree to that?

DR SUJATMIKO: As long as this is in the international waters I think this is up to Australia.

GEOFF THOMPSON: But they would still have to be put onto an Australian ship in international waters, they wouldn’t be able to be moved in international waters from an Australian ship to an Indonesian ship?

DR SUJATMIKO: I think the most important point is if I mean in our perspective we are assisting the Australian Government first because we have good relations and secondly because we were told that some of them are women, children and we need medical treatment. For that reasons we are giving permission for the ship to enter the Indonesian waters.

GEOFF THOMPSON: So essentially I think you’re saying that the Australian authorities can do whatever they want with these people as long as it’s not in Indonesian waters?

DR SUJATMIKO: I think at the moment this is what I’m thinking of.

GEOFF THOMPSON: Is there a possibility then of moving them to an Indonesian ship in international waters?

DR SUJATMIKO: I’m not thinking of that option.

GEOFF THOMPSON: It seems doesn’t it that as long as they want to stay on the ship, the most likely solution, the only solution available may be perhaps for them to be eventually placed back in Australian territory?

DR SUJATMIKO: Well I think again they are in the Australian ships, this mean in the Australian territory, so this is on the Australian authority to respond.

MARK COLVIN: The Director of Diplomatic Security with the Indonesian Foreign Affairs Department Dr Sujatmiko speaking to our correspondent Geoff Thompson.

TO BE CONTINUED … (see update at top of this post)

Photographer Don Stephens worked for the Hobart newspaper The Mercury for more than thirty years. His choice of camera was a Mamiya RB6×7.

Don’s images of the devastating Hobart bushfires were published in The Mercury, 7-9 February 1967. Many are held in the National Library of Australia’s collections.

Another tragedy in the Hobart area which cost lives was the collision of the bulk ore carrier, the Lake Illawarra into the Tasman Bridge on January 5th, 1975. Don Stephens took this photograph at night as the rescue operation continued:

Image copyright 2006 © Don Stephens & Leatherwood Online

These are some of the Australia Department of Defence photographs of salvage operations in 1975:

NAVY REPORT: Bridging troubled waters by Brett Mitchell

On the evening of January 5, 1975 the Australian National Line bulk carrier MV Lake Illawarra, laden with a cargo of zinc concentrate, collided with the Tasman Bridge, which spanned the Derwent River in Hobart.

The ship sank, killing seven of the crew, and collapsing two pylons and 127 metres of bridge decking into water 110 feet deep.

Four motor vehicles fell into the river, killing five occupants.

At 4.30am on January 6, a 14-man detachment from Australian Clearance Diving Team Two (AUSCDTTWO), commanded by LEUT Alexander Donald, flew to Hobart for search and recovery operations.

Following preliminary dives later that day, AUSCDTTWO was tasked to locate and assist Hobart Water Police recover the motor vehicles.

Two additional divers from AUSCDTONE arrived from Sydney, with a one-person recompression chamber.

Two vehicles were identified on January 7; one was salvaged that day and the second three days later.

Another vehicle was found buried under rubble on January 8. Three team members assisted Tasmanian Police divers comprehensively survey the wreck of the Lake Illawarra between January 9–13.

Operations ceased on January 16.

The Navy divers operated in hazardous conditions with minimal visibility and strong river currents. Divers had to contend with bridge debris consisting of shattered concrete, reinforced steel rods, railings, pipes, lights, wire and power cables.

Strong winds on the third day brought down debris from the bridge above, and caused unguarded ‘live’ power cables to fall into the water, endangering the divers.

Understandably, LEUT Donald described the conditions as “appalling”.

The breakage of an important arterial link isolated the residents in Hobart’s eastern suburbs the relatively short drive across the Tasman Bridge to the city suddenly became a 50 kilometre journey around the bay.

Although ferries provided a service across the Derwent River, it was not until December 1975 that a single lane combat bridge was opened to traffic, thereby restoring some connectivity.

Reconstruction of the Tasman Bridge commenced in October 1975 and the bridge officially reopened on October 8, 1977. The wreck of the Lake Illawarra remains where it sank in 1975.

Recent images of the wreck of the Lake Illawarra were captured by the Royal Australian Navy’s Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Forces and the United States Navy Mobile Diving Salvage Unit using specialised sonar equipment and head-mounted cameras during a survey exercise as part of training activity Dugong 09. Details appeared in this article from The Mercury November 1, 2009:

Lake Illawarra revealed

Photographer: Department of Defence

Source: The Mercury online

DANIELLE McKAY

November 01, 2009 08:00am

NAVY divers have taken the closest look yet at the ship which slammed into the Tasman Bridge and sank 34 years ago.

LYING at the bottom of the River Derwent, the MV Lake Illawarra has the aura of a well-preserved ghost ship, say its most recent visitors.

The murky waters make it difficult to see the vessel until you get up close, say navy divers who visited the infamous wreck next to the Tasman Bridge last week.

It is more than 34 years since the vessel smashed into the bridge in 1975, killing 12 people and severing the link between Hobart’s eastern and western shores.

In eerie silence and limited visibility, the Royal Australian Navy’s Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Forces and the United States Navy Mobile Diving Salvage Unit One have captured the most extensive survey of the wreck yet.

Using specialised sonar equipment and head-mounted cameras, 30 divers collected the data over eight days and more than 160 individual dives during a survey exercise as part of training activity Dugong 09.

Visibility was a metre, temperatures below 7C and divers went down to 36m.

“There was something very eerie about the silence,” said navy diver Able Seaman Joshua Manning, 26, from Sydney.

“We were focused on the task while we were down there, but there was also time to think about the tragedy and death, which was really surreal.”

A regular flow of fresh water has kept the bulk ore carrier remarkably preserved, the divers say.

Cargo doors remain open, in anticipation of unloading, but now they are inches out of line from the enormous jolt the ship suffered when it hit pylon 18 of the bridge.

But the bridge and wheelhouse are almost intact.

“We went inside the wheelhouse, about 4m in, it’s amazing.” Able Seaman Manning said. “It’s just pristine — as it would have been at the time I imagine.”

However, the bow’s port-side is a mangled wreck of steel and rotting wood, crushed under the weight of several columns of concrete.

The divers discovered the rear bumper of a car resting poignantly on the bow.

Clearance Diving Team One commanding officer Lieutenant-Commander Chris White, from Launceston, said the survey was a challenge for his team and a chance to return something to Tasmania.

WATCH VIDEO:

Caption: Navy divers take a look at the Lake Illawarra, which brought down the Tasman Bridge in 1975.

Video and photos courtesy Australian Department of Defence 2009

Source: The Australian News

EXPATRIATE biologist Elizabeth Blackburn has won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Hobart-born Elizabeth Blackburn has won the Nobel for physiology or medicine.

Professor Blackburn shares the Nobel with her former graduate student, Carol Greider, from Johns Hopkins University’s school of medicine, and Harvard’s Jack Szostak.

Her discovery of telomeres, caps on the ends of chromosomes which protect genetic information, has opened up new lines of inquiry into growth, ageing and disease. Her work with psychologists on telomeres, stress and meditation seems to prove a mind-body connection.

Dr Blackburn, 60, a Hobart-born graduate of Melbourne University who has worked in the US for many years, was one of the favourites for the Nobel for physiology or medicine.

Australia’s last two laureates, gastroenterologist Barry Marshall and pathologist Robin Warren, continued their tradition of sharing a beer in Perth around the time of the announcement.

Professor Marshall, from the University of Western Australia, famously swallowed a bacterium in solution to prove that most stomach ulcers were caused by bacteria, not stress or spicy food.

He and Dr Warren shared the Nobel for physiology or medicine in 2005. They began their beer ritual as a rueful comment on the long-standing unwillingness of the scientific community to embrace their theory.

Dr Blackburn has graced lists of Nobel favourites before, only to be passed over. She has won awards, such as the Lasker prize for medical research, which are seen as marking out a future Nobel laureate.

Last year she received the L’Oreal-UNESCO award for women in science.

Dr Blackburn, regarded as a mentor to women who juggle careers in science and the demands of family, told The Australian that the prospects for women in the life sciences were much improved since her time – “but only up until the end of the PhD, graduate training and postdoctoral research period.

“Then the number of women in science careers drops off, indicating that the career options for women are not as well matched for women as they are for men.”

She is Morris Herztein Professor of Biology and Physiology in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco. Her lab is seen as female-friendly, partly because of her role as a mentor but also because of its inter-disciplinary approach, which embraces fields well beyond basic biology.

In a 2007 interview with The New York Times Dr Blackburn said telomeres were “like the tips of shoelaces. If you lose the tips, the ends start fraying.

“In humans, the thing is that as we mature, our telomeres slowly wear down. So the question has always been: did that matter? Well, more and more, it seems like it matters.

“In my lab, were finding that psychological stress actually ages cells, which can be seen when you measure the wearing down of the tips of the chromosomes, those telomeres.”

Dr Blackburn was famously appointed, then removed, from president George W. Bush’s bioethics advisory council because she objected to ideology rather than science guiding its work, especially on embryonic stem cells.

Australians have now won 11 Nobels, all but one for science and medicine, the exception being Patrick White’s gong for literature.

Since 1901, there have been 754 male laureates and only 37 female, 23 of those straddling the literature and peace prizes. The club of female science laureates is a very exclusive one.

List of Australian Nobel prize winners

William Bragg – Physics (1915)
Lawrence Bragg – Physics (1915)
Howard Florey – Physiology or medicine (1945)
Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet – Physiology or medicine (1960)
Sir John Carew Eccles – Physiology or medicine (1963)
Patrick White – Literature (1973)
Sir John Warcup Cornforth – Chemistry (1975)
Professor Peter Doherty – Physiology or medicine (1996)
Professor Barry Marshall – Physiology or medicine (2005)
Dr Robin Warren – Physiology or medicine (2005)
Professor Elizabeth Blackburn – Physiology or medicine (2009)

Visit the Nobel Site:

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009

Photo: Gerbil, Licensed by Attribution Share Alike 3.0	Photo: Gerbil, Licensed by Attribution Share Alike 3.0	Photo © Harvard Medical School
Elizabeth H. Blackburn	Carol W. Greider	Jack W. Szostak
1/3 of the prize	1/3 of the prize	1/3 of the prize
USA	USA	USA
University of California San Francisco, CA, USA	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA	Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
b. 1948 (in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia)	b. 1961	b. 1952 (in London, United Kingdom)

Titles, data and places given above refer to the time of the award.